Skip to main content

Some basic Definitions in Chemistry

    Some Basic Definitions in Chemistry

Substance:-  Aisi cheez jisme mass  ho aur jo jagah gherti ho substance kehlati h.

Atom:-  Kisi bhi substance ka chhote se chhota particle (kan) atom kehlata h. Such as atom of oxygen (O), atom of argon (Ar)
ab hum  keh sakte hain ki koi bhi substance
atom se bana hota h.

bata den ki  atoms monoatomic diatomic, tri-atomic, tetra-atomic and octa-atomic form me ho sakte hain.
    
Molecule:-Jab do ya do se zyada atoms apas me mil jate hain to molecule banta h.
Molecule do tarah se ban sakta h.
1- Single Substance molecule or molecule
2- Different Substance molecule or Compound
  
Molecule:-Jab ek hi Substance (element) k do ya do se zyada atoms apas me milte hain to isko molecule kaha jata h.

O+O→O2 , H+H→H2

Monoatomic form...kuch elememts ese hain jinme atom apas me nhi judte balki ye single form me hi rehte hain. inme se kuch element ko hm inert elements kehte hain aur ye gases hoti hain jese Neon,Argon. iske alawa Carbon bhi esa hi element h jo ki tetrameric  form (not tetra atomic ) me rehta h. inert elements k bare me hm baad me baat karenge jab hm element k bare me description denge.

Note:- Meric Suffix ka use hm waha kerte he jana ek hi substance k molecule ya atom apas me bar bar judte hain.
mono means....one
dia means.........two
tri means...........three
tetra means......four
octa means....... eight

Octa-atomic form..jab ek hi element k eight atoms apas me jud ker ek bada molecule banaye to ise octa-atomic kaha jata  eg. in Sulphur ...


diatomic form..jab ek element k do atoms apas me milker ek molecule banate hain to ise diatomic molecule kaha jata h jese oxygen ,hydrogen diatomic molecule ki form me rehte hain.ye free nhi reh sakte rehte molecular form me hi hain.

Triatomic form...Jab teen atoms apas me mil ker ek bada molecule banate hain tab ise triatomic molecule kehte hain. eg ozone 
O3

Compound:- Jab alag alag substance k atom milte hain to bane naye substance ko Compound kehte hain.
        H+Cl→HCl
H .... symbol of hydrogen atom
Cl......Symbol of Chlorine atom
lekin yaad rahe ki atom free nahi rehta wo apne molecule ki form me rehta h isliye ooper ki reaction ko is tarah se likh sakte hain
       H2+Cl2→2HCl

Elements :- ek hi tarah k atom se bane substance ko element kehte hain jese Hydrogen , Helium , Lithium ye sab elements hain kiuki ye ek hi tarah k atoms se milker bane hain ya hum ye keh sakte hain ki ek element me ek hi tarah k atoms hote hain. Agar usme dusre koi atoms paye jate hain to iska matlab wo element pure nhi h.
 Jese ki uper bataya gaya tha k hydrogen k ek atom aur Chlorine k ek atom k milne se different substance molecule bana tha jisko hm HCl kerke likh rahe the wastav me ye ek compound h wahin dusri taraf jab do alag alag metals k atoms apas me milte hain t to esi bani metals ko mixed metal yani mishrit Dhatu kaha jata h jese brass ek mixed metal h kiu ki isme copper and zinc ( tamba aur jasta) k atoms mixed hote hain. Doston ab aap element kise kehte hain ye bakhubi  samajh hi gaye honge.

Compound:- Jab do different elements k do ya do se zyaada atoms apas me mil ker naya substance banate. Jiski property unke components ( yaani jisse milker naya substance bana h) se bilkul alag hoti h. Compound kehlata h.

Metal:-Ye wo substance hota h jo apne hi atoms se milker bana hota h. Dusri baat ye solid hone k saath saath sonoraous bhi hota h matlab girne per ya hathode se peetne pe khan khan ki aawaz kerta h. jabki non-metal sonorous nhi hote. Peetne per khan ki aawaz nhi kerte. Dustra bata den ki mercury (Hg) ek esi metal h jo room temperature per liquid state me payee jati h baqi sabhi metals room temperature per Solid state me hoti h.

Mercury ka symbol Hg h aur iski density pani yani water se zyada hoti h
Mass=Volume ×Density
agar hm water aur Hg ka equal volume ko le to mercury ka maas water se zyada hoga kiunki mercury ki density water se zyada h.

Metals k atoms free nhi hote naahi ye apas me milker molecule hi banate hain. balki ye aps me ek khas bond se jude hue hote hain jise hm metallic bond kehte hain. aur is metallic bond se bane net ya jaal ko metallic lustre  kehte hain is tarah ye keh sakte hain k metal me atoms metallic lustre ki help se apas me jude hote hain.



Comments

Popular posts from this blog

Symbols of Chemical Elements

                            SYMBOLS OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS Symbol- Abbreviation of elements in the form of one or two letters is called Symbol, eg. Hydrogen=H, Helium=H                      A diagramatic representation of Atom Note- Atom is the the smallest particle of any Element. Radius of atom is ten the power minus eight cm. ,While Nucleus is the centre of the atom and its radius is 10 the power minus 12 cm. History of  Symbol- In 1803, An English Chemist and Physicist, John Dalton  gave the Symbols first to represent the atoms of the elements, besides this Dalton was considered as the father of modern atomic theory. He told that  molecules and atoms may be represented in Symbolic form in place of writing their names but now a days Dalton's Symbols are not recognised. As we know the era is changed, In the same manner old Symb...

Subatomic Particles

                                   SUB-ATOMIC PARTICLES   Before studying about subatomic particle  we should know in brief  what is  atom?                        Atom-: Atom  is the smallest particle of any element.  In the old time, It is assumed that atom is indivisible  but with the help of new discoveries , this assumption thauut atom is indivisible is failed. Now all know that atom is divisible and it is formed of more small particles called subatomic particles.   Atom is divisible   further ,this can be considered with the study of static electricity and conduction of electricity in the conductor. Events which shows atom is divisible- Flowing of electricity in Conductor. Transfer of heat from one point to another. Attraction or Repulsion b/w charged species.  A...

Apiculture

                                 Apiculture or Bee keeping                                             Rearing , care and management of honey bees for obtaining wax, honey and other useful substances is called Apiculture. Honey is used in eating and used as medicines also . This natural product is useful for different diseases like  dysentery , vomiting and  other stomachal problems or liver ailments. Honey should be taken in the morning when stomach is empty . one glass water with one tea spoon of honey. It improves our digestion and works as blood Purifier. It is also used for  removing the problems like cold sore, throat , ulcer of stomach and intestine etc.    Products obtained from honey bees By apiculture we can obtain the following useful produ...